ABSTRACT
The project work is on the design and
construction of automatic two lane traffic light control.
This
system is based on digital electronics.
It employs an astable multivibrator which is the clock generator that
sends the clock into a time sequencing
generator using a decade counter with ten (10) decodes output that has it’s
binary corded decimal (BCD) output into a diode or gate that sends logical
data’s into a transistor switching circuit that switches the lamps that raises
traffic signals on the two lane junction.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
COVER
PAGE
TITLE
PAGE
APPROVAL
PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
1.2
DESIGN
OBJECTIVE
1.3
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.2
THEORIES
AND MODELS RELEVANT TO THE DESIGN
2.3
LIST
AND DESCRIPT ION OF THE SYSTEM COMPONENT
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM
DESIGN
3.1
DESCRIPTION
OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCK
3.2
SYSTEM
DESIGN SPECIFICATION
3.3
BLOCK
DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.4
DESCRIPTION
OF THE OVERALL OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM
3.5
COMPONENT
LIST
3.6
COMPLETE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF A TWO LANE TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
IMPLEMENTATION,
TESTING AND RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
COST
OF ANALYSIS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The trend in electronics is
tending into digital electronics which make it possible for the birth of
computers, digital communication systems like GSM, and industrial automation.
This is the main reason why we have
chosen a project topic on the design and construction of an automatic two
(2)-lane traffic light control.
This
system has always been right from the advent of digital electronics in Nigeria.
Our
own project design is the miniature type that employs six (6) light emitting
diodes (LED) as the visual display unit (VDU).
The
entire system contains four (4) different plus the block that contains the
light omitting diodes which makes it five (5) blocks altogether and also a
power supply unit (PSU) that supplies the battery voltage.
At the input is an astable
multivibrator (AMV) built using 555 timer that provides the intelligence clock
signal that determines the timing based on what the time sequence generator
interprets from the clock (10 ten decade counter). Then the binary corded decimal (BCD) output
is now ored using discret junction diodes as OR gate such that an output is
adapted using the functional behaviour of OR-gate into an inter-fase card that
contains arrays of transistor switching circuit that switches the six (6) LEDS
based on the timing sequencing such that three (3) LEDs for one lane, the other
three (3) goes for the other lane, which gives vehicles passing from one lane
to another lane traffic signal so as to avoid accidents.
1.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVE
The objective of this design is
to create an electronic circuit using
digital components and a few linear components such that a digital output is
raised to control the traffic at two lane junction using six (6) lamps rather
light emitting diodes LEDS, where three (3) lamps or LEDs serves for one lane
and t he other three (3) serves for the other lane,
Among the three (3) LEDs one is Red,
which signifies that vehicles should move.
The
second is green and it signifies that vehicles should stop.
The third as amber which signifies
vehicles should get ready to move.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The project design work signifies
a lot in modern industrial electronics.
This
design that replaced the manually used agent which is the traffic warden positioned
at different traffic junctions.
In most developed towns in Nigeria,
this system is employed at every junction, so that traffic jam or hold up will
be highly controlled and also accidents at this junction are highly minimized.
In advance countries, the type of
traffic light employed are inform of robot whose eyes serves as the visual
display unit (VDU) when the traffic rule is violet ed the error detector is
effected by the mechanical action of the robot.
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