ABSTRACT
This project which consists of four
chapters deals extensively with the design and construction of a battery
charger which is capable charging a 12 volts, battery.
The
first chapter which is the introductory chapter goes a long way in defining the
battery charger and explaining of the mode of operation.
The
second chapter went further to explain each component part of the battery
charger. This ranges from:-
1.
The transformer
2.
The rectifier circuit
3.
The filtering stage
4.
Voltage regulation
5.
Comparator
6.
Thyristor
7.
Resistor
8.
Diode
9.
Relay
10.
Zener diode and
11.
Light emitting
diode (LED)
The third chapter explains more
about the Testing Sensing and switching processes in the charger. It also gave
the list of components and the circuit diagram of the battery charger.
The
concluding chapter being fourth, tells us more about the circuit arrangements
and the construction of casing and finally the overall cost analysis.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction
CHAPTER TWO
2.1
Block Diagram of Battery Charger
2.2
Transformer
2.3
AC to DC Converter
2.4
Filtering
2.5
Voltage Regulation
2.6
Comparator
2.7
Thyristor
2.8
Resistor
2.9
Diode
2.10
Relay
2.11
Zener Diode
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
Network Synthesis and Testing
3.2
Power Supply
3.3
Sensing and Switching Circuit
3.4
Battery Condition Test
3.5
List of Component Values
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Conclusion
4.2
Cost Analysis
4.3
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A device, which consist of
electrodes and electrolyte for the storage of chemical energy, but brings about
a reaction between its electrodes and the electrolyte in a way to cause the
flow of electrons through an external circuit is known as a battery.
There
are two types of batteries, these include the primary and secondary battery.
The primary (dry cell) is one whose electrolyte dries up when used to its
ampere-hour rating and cannot be recharged while the secondary (wet cell) is
one whose chemical energy can be restored through a charging process. There are
different types of secondary battery. These comprises lead acid, Nickel-cadmium
and silver zinc battery.
Furthermore, a battery is a
combination of cells connected together and a cell is a simple source of
electric potential. The maintenance of secondary battery is of importance
partially where maximum performance and life are obtained. As long as a battery
is in use, its stored chemical energy, which is being converted to electrical
energy falls. This falls in chemical energy leads to a corresponding fall in
its terminal voltage.
A
constant potential method of charging is adopted in this project work. It is a
phenomenon whereby the alternating voltage from the main is converted to direct
voltage through rectification.
The direct current from the
rectifier is then passed through the battery that is being charged in the
reversed direction in which the battery supplies current to the external
circuit. The charger is intended to charge batteries with terminal voltage up
to 12volts. It incorporates a sensing technique to monitor when the battery has
been charged to its rated terminal voltage so as to automatically cut off
supply to the battery.
Hence, a battery charger which is
of low cost, highly efficient and cheap to maintain is needed to restore its
rated terminal voltage.
The entire circuit is made up of
five basic units and details of each units is highlighted in the subsequent
chapters.
Get the Complete Project Material Now!!!
