ABSTRACT
This is a technical report presented
on the design and construction of an Automatic Phase Selector.
In
the construction work, an ordinary level knowledge of electronics principles
are observed. We aimed at presenting a practical aspect of the subject and then
providing the argument necessary for a thorough understanding. The reliability
of the specimen was estimated after construction and testing to ensure steady
state stability. The work is organized into five chapters.
Chapter
one introduced the subject matter. Chapter two explores the literature review
of the related works. Chapter three contains a detailed account of the design
work while chapter four closely attempted an analysis of the design work.
Chapter five draws the curtain by concluding the work.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Tile page
Approval page
Certification page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Aims/Objectives
of the project
1.2
Significance of the study
1.3
Methodology
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 A review of Automatic Phase
Selector
2.2 Power Supply Unit
2.3 The Transformer
2.4 The Rectifier
2.5 The Filter
2.6 The Voltage Regulator
2.7 Power Circuit
2.8 The Relays
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 The Design Proper
3.1 The Power Supply
3.2 The Step down Block
3.3 The Rectifier Block
3.4 The smoothening Block
3.5 The Regulator
3.6 The Current Sink
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Design Analysis
4.1
The
Rectifier Circuit
4.2
The
Filter Circuit
4.3
Design
Calculation
4.4
The
DC Voltage Regulator
4.5
The
Voltage Programmable Voltage Sink
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion of Result
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
As the growing population of human
race widens the gulf between energy supply and energy demand, the imbalance in
energy availability sent researchers into excavating for a way of settling this
age long squabble. A lasting solution is vested on alternative use of the
renewable energy source, a project that is yet to be widely applied. Hence, the
continuation of the unsettled yearn for sufficient power. Consequently, the
power lines are frequently over loaded resulting to a trip of power by the
action of switch gears or by the load shading process undertaken by the
distribution authorities.
Since
it is crystal clear that some institutions such as health related institutions
and some other delicate systems should not be allowed to suffer equally with
their counterparts, Automatic Phase Selector is used to sustain energy
consumption in the time of phase trip. The design of this circuit involves the
use of automatic switches but the details of design varies from place to place,
time to time and also depends on the type of load involved.
This
project involves the use of transistor driven relays to affect the change of
phase whenever the voltage condition becomes intolerable in the previous phase
connected.
1.1
AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The analysis of this project cannot
go without enumerating the goals meant to be achieved in the pursuit of the
work. These objectives include:-
i. To develop a simple low cost device
aimed at easing the prevalent burden faced by delicate offices, parastatals and
institutions who need very low but constant power supply. Since supply is
always on along the distribution lines that supply such sites, what pesters on
the progress of work thereof is always the unwarranted trip of phases due to
power usage from neighbouring consumers. The automatic phase selector
therefore, erase this setback form the face of progress of work in such
offices.
ii. To stimulate the interest of upcoming
students to take up research not only in their field of study
“Electrical/Electronics Engineering†but also to extend their arms to other
disciplines, thus enhancing the versatility of Electrical/Electronics
Engineering.
iii. To create awareness that will
stimulate the interest of fellow students who intend to take up research topic
on automatic switch of any type.
Emphatically, the purpose of this project is to build an automatic switch
system which is capable of selecting a phase with best operating voltage for
delicate offices.
1.2
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The significance of this project work
cannot be overemphasized. This is because the number of lives that has being
lost to the hand of interruption of power in health institutions and the like
is not negligible. Delicate appliances have become the main victim of this
artificial circumstance. The applicability of the outcome of this research work
in several facets of human endeavour makes this work of real importance to
humanity.
The
use of the device produced from this research work would help to reduce human
labour and hazard, going by the fact that many have been handicapped by
electric shock because of the attempt they made to select another phase, and
that the handicapped are helpless and cannot change phases.
1.3
METHODOLOGY
The designing of this circuit was
accomplished by a constant and detailed study of the c constituent components.
This involved the study of their
characteristics in isolation, and when connected together with some
other components. A rough design was always made with some theoretical backup.
Those designs were implemented and tested using project boards.
The
internet was visited for circuit ideas where problems were encountered and the
necessary adjustments made on paper and then effected on the projects board.
Each
block that works was transferred to the Vero board where it was finally
soldered in position. Library materials were consulted as well.
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