ABSTRACT
This work is aimed at designing
and fabricating a spin dryer which can be used in drying spent grains after
brewing. This will no doubt save considerable human labours and time wastage
involved in conventional method of drying the spent grains by spreading on the
ground. It also saves as a means of employments for our teaming population.
This machine was designed after due consideration of its ease of production,
maintenance and servicing.
Chapter one gives account of the
introductory background of the project. Chapter two was the literature review
of the project. Chapter three was the synthesis of solution under which
different alternatives, comparison of alternatives and choice were discussed.
In chapter four, effort was made to discuss the Analysis and Theory of design.
The details of construction, Maintenance, Procedures and testing and evaluation
were discussed, In chapter five. After the testing, it was found to perform
effectively and efficiently. Chapter six became the home for Material
evaluation, machine and labour cost analysis. Finally was chapter seven, where
we based our discussion on the project, possible recommendations and
conclusion.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
page
Approval
page
Release
page
Signature
page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table
of contents
CHAPTER
ONE – Introduction
1.1
Identification
of Needs
1.2
Purpose
of Construction
1.3
Importance
and Specification of the project
1.4
Scope
Chapter
Two – Literature Review
2.1
History
about the project
2.2
Introduction
of the project
Chapter
Three – Synthesis of Solution
3.1
Different
Alternative
3.2
Comparison
of Alternatives and Choice
Chapter
Four – Theory of Design and Analysis
4.1
Theory
of Design
4.2
Analysis
of Design
Chapter Five – Construction/Maintenance Procedures
5.1
Material
Selection
5.2
Production Processes –Workshop Operational Sequences
5.3
Machining
of Components
5.4
Assembly
Procedures
5.5
Testing
and Evaluation
Chapter Six
6.1
Material
Costing Analysis
6.2
Machine
Cost Analysis
6.3
Labour
Cost Analysis
Chapter
Seven
7.0
Discussion
7.1
Recommendation
7.2
Conclusion
Bibliography
Working
Diagram.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS
Machine design is the creation of
new and better machines and improving the existing ones. A new or better
machine is one which is more economical in the overall cost of production,
operation and maintenance.
It
is on these background that we came out with a design of a machine, which shall
help in solving problems of drying spent grains in our breweries.
The major problem facing
breweries in the country in how to utilize the spent grains after brewing.
Though some breweries use these spent grains as aids by drying and burning
them. We hence see this method of recognition as not being economical but
wasteful.
There propelled us to designing a new method
of drying these spent grains to the
required moisture content through the use of a SPIN DRYER. When these spent
grains are properly dried, it could be a major constituent in the production
of poultry feeds.
With this spin dryer, the
unemployed masses could gain jobs by fabricating or buying this machine for drying of spent grains, and
recycling it to a useful feed for poultry.
It is worthy
to note that the production of a spin dryer is designed in a way that
even the unskilled workers could operate it, in fact, we are designing this
project as our quota towards the
eradication of unemployment and poverty, which this present government
is wedging war against.
Moreover, technology could be
bought, borrowed or stolen. Our project is a borrowed technology from the
western world, which was primarily used for drying of clothes, but we have
expanded this scope to deal favourably with drying of spent grains to the
desired moisture content.
1.2
THE PURPOSE OF CONSTRUCTION
This project is designed and
constructed to achieve the following goals:
1.
To
design and construct a spin dryer that will recycle brewery waste (spent
grains).
2.
To
design and construct a machine that can dry rapidly trough spinning.
3.
To
design and construct a machine that will have high degree of automatization.
4.
To design and construct a machine that will take less drying time.
5.
To
design a machine that will be easy in construction but have high efficiency.
6.
To
design and construct a machine that will be cheap to operate and maintain.
7.
To
design and construct a machine that will require less energy.
8.
To
design and construct a machine that could impress on existing design taking
into cognisance, areas of need.
1.3
IMPORTANCE AND SPECIFICATION OF
THE PROJECT
The importance
attached to the design of the spin dryers is to achieve a fast spinning and
drying system for drying of spent grains.
The machine is design in such a
way that it does not require squeezing presses to demoisture the spent grains
in the perforated spin tub/basket rather works on the theory of centrifugal motion where the spent grains
are spin in the machine away from the centres of rotation at high velocity rate, squeezing the water out.
This machine is design to remove
excess water from spent grains in minutes (it spin almost at a rate of 145orpm)
by spinning twice the capacity of a normal dryer. It is designed to have a
longer life span and efficient in its operation. It is driven by a 4kw (5h.p) motor, as the motor is
spinning the basket, the moisture content is drain to the drum. The drum
encloses the basket which is covered to prevent the moisture content from splashing.
Also a mesh is also provided in the spinning tub to prevent escape of spent
grains during spinning.
1.4
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The spin dryer is design to
complete with existing designs and improve on it, it is also design to be used
in chemical industry, breweries for drying of products. It could also be used
for small scale drying of spent grains for poultry feeds production.
Despite
the scope covered by this machine, there
are still some limitations encountered by this project.
These are as follows:
1.
Unavailability
of right/correct materials is one of the factors that hinder the machine from
meeting up the standard spin dryer in western countries.
2.
Another
limitation, is the problem of cleaning the spin tub/basket, if holes become
jammed by material, the drying effect decrease a lot, therefore continuous
cleaning is always demanding.
3.
It
could not be used in drying drugs in pharmacy.
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