ABSTRACT
A
bookshelf is a component fabricated for the purpose of storing or packaging
books, files and other important documents.
The main aim of constructing this
project is to produce a wooden bookshelf which will provide a lasting solution
to the problem facing libraries, offices, churches and homes in packaging and
storing book items and other items.
In search for storage facilities for
books, and other important documents in libraries, offices, etc, a concept to
produce durable bookshelf was initiated.
Therefore, the construction of this shelf will help the prospected
user(s) to be packaging their documents well an safe. There are different kinds of engineering materials which could
be used in this type of construction apart from wood. These are: metal, plastic, and glass.
The construction was facilitated by
some simple machine (tools) such as harmmer, saw, tape, scriber, jack plain,
sandpaper, sprayer and materials such as nails, hinges and gums. As a matter of fact, different operations
were performed sequentially to realize the finished product (bookshelf). Such processes are: making out, cutting/sewing;
planning/smoothening; grooving and sunking (where necessary); joining;
spraying.
Mahogany wood was utilized in the
construction. The wood was cut with
sawing machine having measured it with tape to rescuer the desired measurements
thus: 48 inches height: 42 inches length: 12 inches breadth. It was then smoothened to give a nice
outlook.
With gum the skeleton was formed
before nailing. The skeleton was so
formed before partitioning so that it would support and create reinforcement to
the shelf and make it stand firm at the expected position while nailing and
fixing the doors with hinges.
Sequent to this, it was appropriately
nailed and gum was blended with sawdust to smoothen rough and gapped places on
the shelf before sandpaper and sprayed with sprayer.
Conclusively, the glass doors were
fixed which embellished the job exceedingly.
As a matter f fact, the construction
was designed to meet the requirement of Nigerian Standard Organization (NSO) in
the construction of bookshelf. This is
for the fact that the materials used were the high quality ones. Not only this reasons, the standard
measurement was also employed as indicated above.
It is necessary here to summarize the
costing of the project as given in detail in recommendation part of this write
up. Thus, cost of material was nine
thousand nine hundred and severity naira (N9,970.00). Running cost was one thousand and two hundred
naira (1,200.00) where as workmanship was three thousand eight hundred and
thirty naira (N3,830.00) to total the
sum of fifteen thousand naira (N15,000.00).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Letter of
transmittal
Approval
page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of
contents
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Chemical
properties of hard wood
Corrosion
resistance
Fabrication
factor
Cost factor
Description
of the wooden shelf
Objectives
of the project
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
History of
wooden shelf
Types of
shelf
Application
of wooden shelf
Comparism
of wood and steel for construction of a strong shelf
Material of
construction
Wood
Hard wood
Soft wood
Metals
CHAPTER THREE
Construction
methodology/procedure
Marking out
Cutting
operation
Joining
Planning
operation
Spraying
Result
CHAPTER FOUR
Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion
Recommendation
Rating
Cost
analysis
Cost of
material
Cost of
machine
Cost of
labour
Total cost
of project
Cost
reporting
References
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
There
are two important questions that requires an answer before an engineering
material is chosen for any purpose. They
are, what function does the component have to perform, what are the essential
requirements of the component in order that it can fulfill those functions. The engineering materials can be broadly
grouped into two main categories metals and wood. These materials are used for different
purposes either as individual material or a combination of materials for a
certain requirement of the desired finished product.
Hence, the construction of an
engineering component like the workshop material that can serve the purpose for
which the bookshelf is fabricated. Thus
a wood, specifically mild wood is chosen for this project due to a number of
properties as regards to the analysis of its function and requirements which
are considered based on common characteristics as follows: center of mechanical
properties such as strength, hardness, fatigue resistance etc. Certain behaviour in specific environment eg.
Corrosion free, ability to be formed or fabricated to desired shape and
dimension, as well as its cost factor.
However, there can be other
requirements which though not essential, are desirable for instance the surface
finished of the component must be alternative, which might be accomplished by
painting or spraying using a quality paint or spray that resists certain
environment impact of behaviours.
Nevertheless, the choice of fabrication
process depends on a number of factors possibly in:- the quantity of the items
required. The dimensional accuracy. The surface finished required the size of the
item. The cost factors, etc.
As a result of these consideration,
the method chosen for the workshop bookshelf fabrication is a simple wood
joining process, which incorporates: cutting, marking out, nailing, spraying
and various fastening system:
Furthermore, the basic components and
properties, fabrication factors and also cost factor of the basic material
(fine wood) for workshop bookshelf construction are fully illustrated in the
subsequent sectarian. Other material
which are employed for specific purposes are saw, hammer, nails, scriber, tape,
gum, sprayer, handle and key, down drawer and glasses.
This write up hence has the primary
objectives of guiding and providing students, designers on fabrication
engineers with the idea of the property requirement of a material or the
construction of a workshop bookshelf on regards to making a prudent choice to
enable one achieve a desired component with adequate services requirement and
durability.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HARD WOOD
Corrosion Resistance: This is the ability of the mild
hard wood to resist corrosion in a chemical reaction of a material with air in
the presence of mixture and chemicals. Corrosion makes the materials to fade
quickly leading to failure. But by the
ability of mild wood to resist this chemical reaction makes it desirable for
the workshop bookshelf fabrication where it gives optimum resistance to
corrosion attack.
FABRICATION FACTOR
Fabrication forming or
area process of making the wood into the desired shape, and retains its
properties. As indicated earlier, the
choice of forming or fabrication process depends on a number of factors more
importantly the cost of the process.
In general, this material
(wild wood) and the fabrication method are chosen on the basic of the lowest
total cost ie fabrication and material cost which is consistent with the
required level of performance for the component.
Also, the commercial form
of supply of materials eg wood sheet etc which affects the used together with
the materials also affects the choice of material and fabrication process.
Thus, of the two main
methods of producing a component, namely forming and wood joining, the letter
is preferred because of the various involvements with other materials as well
as for specification and dimension amongst other factors which are no doubt
sort of cover, a wood sheet with a higher thickness was chosen for it so that
it can with stand attacks by insects and can accept a strong treatment which
mighty be given to it.
The frame is the skeleton
of the whole system, this frame was first erected together before the sheets of
the sides, back and partition which withstands the stress that will be exerted
on it by the sheet and the load.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objectives of the
project cannot be over emphasized since by its name, the uses are obviously
remarkable.
Nevertheless, the workshop
bookshelf helps the users to packing their books at the end of their uses. This means that it serves as a preservation
unit. With the
availability of the bookshelf, it is easy for uses to get any documents or book
he want since they are stored in the book
shaft in unit. Apart from the important
and utilization of the book shaft, the project generally would serve as a guide
to technicians and student who embarks on research and project reviews.
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