ABSTRACT
Propeller agitator is a specialized of
various types of substances. It consists
of three basic components which are the shaft, blade and the vessel.
In the construction, mild steel was
chosen due to it’s inherent properties.
After the procurement, the following constructional operations were
carried out which included marking out, center punching folding, welding,
filling operation, assembling, and painting to beautify the equipment and for
other purposes.
The shapes and forms are formulated to
obtain the following dimensions of the agitator. These are length of handle = 320mm, diameter
of gear teeth = 100mm, thickness of shaft = 20mm, thickness of gear = 12mm,
size of blade = 50mm x 100mm, blade diameter = 63mm, inside diameter of pump =
12mm, outside diameter of pump = 20mm, shat height = 470mm, vessel diameter =
340mm and height = 560mm
The agitating mixer has high
efficiency of comparable to those produced industrially. The estimated rate of rotation is 1720 rpm.
The cost of construction of the
agitator is however minimized due to the preferred choice of the raw material
and method of fabrication.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
page
Letter of transmittal
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1
The objective of the project
CHAPTER TWO
2.1
The theory and concept of agitation
2.2
Type of mixers
2.3
The impeller mixers for liquids
2.31 Paddles
2.32 Turbines
2.33 Propellers
2.4
The particle mixer for free flowing solids
2.5
Mixers for heavy paste or cohesive solids
2.6
Agitator effectiveness & agitation index
2.7
Degree of agitation
2.8
Power consumption in agitators
2.9
Agitation rate
2.10
Materials for the construction of propeller agitator
2.11
Equipments for the fabrication of propeller agitator
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
Construction and fabrication procedure
3.2
Steps of fabrication process
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Cost
analysis
4.1
Material cost
4.2
Labour cost
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Discussion
5.2
Recommendation
5.3
Conclusion
CHAPTER SIX
Nomenclature
References
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Propeller agitator mixing is one of
the most common operations carried out in chemical, processing and allied
industries. The terms “mixing†is
applied to the processes used to reduce the degree of non uniformity or gradual
of a property in a system such as concentration, viscosity, temperature and so
on.
Mixing is achieved by moving material
from one region to another. It may be of interests simply as a means of
achieving a desired degree of homogeneity or it may be used two proote heat
undergoing a chemical reaction.
At the outset I t is useful to
consider some common examples of problems encountered in industrial mixing
operations, since this will nto only reveal the ubiquitous nature of the
process but will also provide an appreciation of some of the associated. Difficulties.
Several attempts have been made to classify mixing problems, and for
example “REAVELL†used as a criterion for mixing of powders, the flowability of
the final products, HARNEY et al based their classification on the phases
present, that is liquid – liquid, solid – liquid and so on. This is probably the most useful description
of mixing as it allows the adoption of a unified approach to the problems
encountered in a range of industries.
The term agitation is applied to a
variety of operations differing in the degree of homogeneity of the mixed
material. In chemical engineering, it is
conventional to treat agitation and multi purpose operations for which the
principles of equipment design and operation can be stated generally, such
operations in agitation like crystallization, Ion exchange and colliding are
advanced of this study and construction.
In most homes, industries and chemical
operations, two or more substances are required to be mixed for users demand,
in mixing as a unit operation, the substance is fed into the vessel or mixing
tank containing the agitator in either one form, liquid, solid or gas. The product obtained should either be
homogenous or heterogeneous depending on demand or desired product.
The selection of a particular agitator
for a particular purpose requirement, the flow properties of the process fluid,
equipment cost and the construction material required must be considered. Ideally, the equipment chosen should be that
which has the lowest cost but meets all process requirement. In a given problem, the agitator given must
handle the material when it is in it’s worst condition and may not be so
effective as other design during other parts of mixing cycle. As with other equipments, the choice of an
agitator for heavy material is always a compromise and arbitrary.
Liquids are agitated for a number of
purpose, depending on the objective of the processing step, soe of the purpose
includes
1.
Promoting heat transfer between the liquid and a coil
or jacket
2.
Blending immiscible liquids, for example, methyl
alcohol and water.
3.
Dispensing a second liquid, immiscible wt h the first
to form an emulsion or suspension of fine drops
4.
Suspending solid particles
5.
Dispersing a gas through the liquid in the form of
small bubbles.
A typical
application of propeller agitator is in mixing of high viscosity liquids or
solid in solids. Most factories produce
and products using blended liquids like in the confectionery industries,
liquids food drinks like canned juices as well as canned and bottled drinks.
Many a
times, one agitator serves several purposes at the same time, as in the
catalytic hydrogenation of a liquid, in a hydrogenation vessel, the hydrogen
gas is dispersed through the liquid in which solid particles of catalyst are
suspended, with the heat of reaction simultaneously removed by a cooling coil
or jacket.
1.1 OBJECTIVE
OF THE PROJECT
The objective of the project is to
construct a portable propeller agitator with high efficiency and durability,
which will be used for good mixing operation in smalls scale industries or in
the laboratories and other applications such as domestic and pharmaceutical
industries.
The preferred choice of raw material
of the construction is mild steel because of it’s excellent properties which
included high resistance to corrosion, machineability, ductility, malleability,
it resistance to react with the material or reactant when agitating as any
reaction between the vessel and the material to be mixed will affect the
product. Moreover, it is cheap and
available.
The dimensions of the propeller
agitator are length of handle = 320mm, diameter of gear teeth = 100mm,
thickness of shaft = 20mm, thickness of gear = 12mm, size of blade = 50mm x
100mm, blade diameter = 63mm, inside diameter of pump = 12mm outside diameter
of pump = 20mm, shaft height = 470mm, vessel diameter = 340mm and vessel height
= 560mm.
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