ABSTRACT
Stop clocks are devices for
indicating time duration for the occurrence of two events after a passage of
time. They are usually powered by batteries and they measure time in unit of
seconds. Most clocks stop working as a result of the inability of the main
spring to make a complete revolution. Also problems that do arise in clocks and
cause it to breakdown include worn gear teeth, pendulum friction, and
sympathetic vibrations among others.
To effectively carry out repairs on
stop clocks or other clocks, simple maintenance should be carried out. This
includes clearing and oiling the parts of the clock mechanism. In the repair of
the stop clocks the clearing and oiling procedure was carried out whereas in
the others, simple forgoing of metal drips was done and fitted into the clock
to ensure they start working.
The total cost of the material for
repair of the stop clock is N2, 000
while the labour cost is N5, 000 to
bring the cost of the project to a total N7,
000 certain guideline and recommendation were made to ensure a lasting usage of
the stop clocks. References were made from various textbooks and information
was sourced from the Internet to help in the repair of the clocks and
researches in this project report.
SIGNATURE PAGE
The undersigned being
members of the academic staff of the department of Chemical Engineering have on
behalf of the department examined and assessed the result of this project.
Having read and understood, the
content of this project report, we do hereby indicate by our signature
individually and collectively that we recommend that the project and its report
be declared.
PASS / FAILED WITH GRADE OF
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to
the Almighty God his divine inspiration and guidance. We also dedicate it to
our beloved parents who have contributed immensely both financially and in
encouragements to have us educated.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Letter of transmittal
Approval
page
Prefaced
Signature
page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
Repair
procedure
CHAPTER FOUR
Cost
Evaluation
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Time is the dimension of the
physical universe, which at a given place orders the sequences of events. It is
above designated instance in this sequence, such as the time of the day. Time
measurement consists in counting the repetitions of any occurring phenomenon,
and if the interval between successive recurrence is sensible, in sub-dividing
it. A time interval may be measured in two epochs or simply by counting from an
arbitrary starting point as is done with a stopwatch.
HISTORY OF TIME KEEPING
The clock (device used in
measuring time) is one of the most influential discoveries in the history of
western science. The division of time into regular predictable units is
fundamental to the operation of society. Chronology dates back to 8th
century BC, Heisod’s writing confirmed that during this period, celestial
bodies were used to indicate agricultural cycles.
Later, the Greeks such as Archimedes
developed complicated models of the heavens celestial spheres that illustrated
the wanderings of the sun, moon and the plants against the fixed position of
the stars.
In the middle ages (roughly 500 CE to
1500 CE) technological advancement virtually ceased in Europe.
Sundial styles evolved, but didn’t move far from ancient Egyptian principles.
During these times, simple dials placed above doorways were used to identify midday and four tide of the sunlit
day.
In the first half of the 14th
century large mechanical clocks began to appear in the towers of several large
Italian cities. These clocks were weight driven and regulated by a verge – and
foliot escapement. In 1656, Christian Huygens, a Dutdi Scientist, made the
first pendulum clock, regulated by a mechanism with a “natural†period of oscillation.
In 1671, William Clement began building clocks with the new “anchor†or
“recoil†escapement, a substantial improvement over the verge because of its
pendulum. There were other improvements made by various scientists on the clock
over the last 300 years before we had the modern day clocks.
ESCAPEMENT
This is basically a
medianism in which a toothed wheel engages alternate pallets attached to an
oscillating member. The escapement is found principally in time pieces but may
also be employed where never oscillating motion is required.
The escapement of a clock is the part
of the clock that ensures accurate time keeping. Many escapements have been
designed among the most successful are: the verge escapement, anchor
escapement, deadbeat escapement, Grasshopper escapement, Electro-mechanical
escapement; often-required in different clocks.
Some forms of escapements include true
escapement, Runaway escapement, turned escapement and so on.
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