CHAPTER 1: Introduction
Materials management is a coordinating function responsible
for planning and controlling materials flow. Its objectives are as follows:
Maximize the use of the firm’s resources. Provide the required level of
customer service. Materials management can do much to improve a company’s
profit.
Material handling involves short-distance movement within
the confines of a building or between a building and a transportation
vehicle.[1] It utilizes a wide range of manual, semi-automated, and automated
equipment and includes consideration of the protection, storage, and control of
materials throughout their manufacturing, warehousing, distribution,
consumption, and disposal. Material handling can be used to create time and
place utility through the handling, storage, and control of material, as
distinct from manufacturing, which creates form utility by changing the shape,
form, and makeup of material. Material handling plays an important role in
manufacturing and logistics, which together represent over 20% of the U.S.
economy. Almost every item of physical commerce was transported on a conveyor
or lift truck or other type of material handling equipment in manufacturing
plants, warehouses, and retail stores.[5] While material handling is usually
required as part of every production worker's job, over 650,000 people in the
U.S. work as dedicated "material moving machine operators" and have a
median annual wage of $31,530 (May 2012).These operators use material handling
equipment to transport various goods in a variety of industrial settings
including moving construction materials around building sites or moving goods
onto ships
1.1
Background of the Study
Manual material handling ranges from movement of raw
material, work in progress, finished goods, rejected, scraps, packing material,
etc. These materials are of different shape and sizes as well as weight. Material
handling is a systematic and scientific method of moving, packing and storing
of material in appropriate and suitable location. The main objectives of
material handling are as follows:
It should be able determine appropriate distance to be
covered.
Facilitate the reduction in material damage as to improve
quality.
Reducing overall manufacturing time by designing efficient
material movement
Improve material flow control
Creation and encouragement of safe and hazard-free work
condition
Improve productivity and efficiency
Better utilization of time and equipment
It is critical for manufacturing organization to identify
importance of material handling principle as the critical step in promoting the
job improvement process. Manual material handling significantly increases
health hazard for the workers in from lower back injuries.
In the current competitive and globalized environment, it
is important to control cost and reduce time in material handling. An efficient
material handling process promotes:
Design of proper facility layout
Promotes development of method which improves and
simplifies the work process
It improves overall production activity.
Efficient material handling reduces total cost of
production. “MSG Experts†Material Handling - Principles, Operations and
Equipment. ManagementStudyGuide.com. The research therefore seek to investigate
material handling and utilisation in government organisation
1.2
Statement of the Problem
Raw materials form a critical part of manufacturing as well
as service organization. In any organization, a considerable amount of material
handling is done in one form or the other. This movement is either done
manually or through an automated process. Throughout material, handling
processes significant safety and health; challenges are presented to workers as
well as management. Therefore, manual material handing is of prime concern for
health and safety professional, and they must determine practical ways of
reducing health risk to the workers. Oniwon (2000) submits that, a high
proportion of operational expenditure is expended on materials. However, such
reasonable investment that determines profitability is often overlooked by
organizations; hence organizations require considerable planning and control of
materials so as to minimize waste which invariably affects the profitability
and survival of organizations. Lee and Dobler (1977) support this view by
postulating that materials are the lifeblood and heart of any manufacturing
system. Consequently there is the need to ascertain the impact of materials
management in government organisations, adopt better methods of managing
materials, reduce material cost, and eliminate any wastage in the utilisation
process to enhance profitable use and efficiency. The problem confronting this
research is to investigate material handling and utilization in government
organisations.
1.3
Objective of the Study
1 To determine the nature of material handling and
utilization
2 To determine the
nature of material handling and utilization in government organization.
1.4
Research Questions
1 What is
the nature of material handling and utilization?
2
What is the nature of material handling and utilization in government
organization?
1.5
Significance of the Study
The study seek to provide the framework for the effective
handling and utilization of materials in government organisations following
reported cases of materials mishandling and ineffective utilization in the
public sector organization.
1.6
Statement of Hypothesis
1 Ho Material handling and utilization in government
organization is low
Hi Material handling and utilization in
government organization is high
2 Ho Material
handling in government organization is not effective
Hi Material handling in government organization is
effective
3 Ho Material
utilization in government organization is not effective
Hi Material utilization in government organization is
effective.
1.7
Scope of the Study
The study focuses on the appraisal of material handling and
utilization in government organization.
1.8
Definition of Terms
PROCUREMENT DEFINED
Procurement takes into cognizance buying wisely and
competitively which entails keeping abreast the forces of supply and elements
that regulate prices and availability of materials. Efficient and effective
materials procurement entails constant search for better values that yield the
best combination of competitive and wise buying that contributes to maximizing
organization’s profit.
INVENTORY CONTROL DEFINED
Egberi & Egberi (2011) maintain that inventory control
is the systematic way of locating, storing, and recording of goods in such a
way that desired degree of service can be made to the operation shops at
minimum ultimate cost. Inventory control has to do with standard control on the
ordering size, ordering time, and the quantities of raw materials left in the
store at a given time.
STORAGE DEFINED
Storage of materials entails careful handling of material
and maintains accurate control over them. It shows how much materials are in
the store and when to place order. Effective handling of material is essential
tool for cost saving and increase profitability.
MATERIAL MANAGEMENT DEFINED
Gopalakrishma et al(2006) &Ramakrishna (2005) visualize
material management from integrated perspective as they postulate materials
management as the function responsible for the coordination of planning,
sourcing, purchasing, storing and controlling materials in an optimum manner so
as to provide a predetermined service to the customer at a minimum cost.
.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Raw materials form a critical part of manufacturing as well
as service organization. In any organization, a considerable amount of material
handling is done in one form or the other. This movement is either done
manually or through an automated process. Throughout material, handling
processes significant safety and health; challenges are presented to workers as
well as management. Therefore, manual material handing is of prime concern for
health and safety professional, and they must determine practical ways of
reducing health risk to the workers.
Material Handling
Manual material handling ranges from movement of raw
material, work in progress, finished goods, rejected, scraps, packing material,
etc. These materials are of different shape and sizes as well as weight.
Material handling is a systematic and scientific method of moving, packing and
storing of material in appropriate and suitable location. The main objectives
of material handling are as follows:
It should be able determine appropriate distance to be
covered. Facilitate the reduction in material damage as to improve quality.
Reducing overall manufacturing time by designing efficient material movement
Improve material flow control Creation and encouragement of safe and
hazard-free work condition Improve productivity and efficiency Better
utilization of time and equipment
It is critical for manufacturing organization to identify
importance of material handling principle as the critical step in promoting the
job improvement process. Manual material handling significantly increases
health hazard for the workers in from lower back injuries.
In the current competitive and globalized environment, it
is important to control cost and reduce time in material handling. An efficient
material handling process promotes:
Design of proper facility layout Promotes development of
method which improves and simplifies the work process It improves overall
production activity. Efficient material handling reduces total cost of
production.
Principles of Material Handling
Material handling principles are as follows:
Orientation Principle: It encourages study of all available
system relationships before moving towards preliminary planning. The study
includes looking at existing methods, problems, etc. Planning Principle: It
establishes a plan which includes basic requirements, desirable alternates and
planning for contingency. Systems Principle: It integrates handling and storage
activities, which is cost effective into integrated system design. Unit Load
Principle: Handle product in a unit load as large as possible Space Utilization
Principle: Encourage effective utilization of all the space available
Standardization Principle: It encourages standardization of handling methods
and equipment. Ergonomic Principle: It recognizes human capabilities and
limitation by design effective handling equipment. Energy Principle: It
considers consumption of energy during material handling. Ecology Principle: It
encourages minimum impact upon the environment during material handling.
Mechanization Principle: It encourages mechanization of handling process
wherever possible as to encourage efficiency. Flexibility Principle: Encourages
of methods and equipment which are possible to utilize in all types of
condition. Simplification Principle: Encourage simplification of methods and
process by removing unnecessary movements Gravity Principle: Encourages usage
of gravity principle in movement of goods. Safety Principle: Encourages
provision for safe handling equipment according to safety rules and regulation
Computerization Principle: Encourages of computerization of material handling
and storage systems System Flow Principle: Encourages integration of data flow
with physical material flow Layout Principle: Encourages preparation of
operational sequence of all systems available Cost Principle: Encourages cost
benefit analysis of all solutions available Maintenance Principle: Encourages
preparation of plan for preventive maintenance and scheduled repairs
Obsolescence Principle: Encourage preparation of equipment policy as to enjoy
appropriate economic advantage.
Material handling operations are designed based upon
principles as discussed above. Material handling equipment consists of cranes,
conveyors and industrial trucks.
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