ABSTRACT
The
purpose of this study was to find out the effect of television educational
programme on children. One hundred and eighty respondents were randomly
selected for the study in Enugu Sate and questionnaires were distributed to them. To accomplish this task, the following
hypothesis were tested.
H1: Educational
Programmes stimulate interest of school
children in education,
H2: The timing and suitability of educational
programmes on NTA channel 8 to children in Enugu State
H3: Visual aids used in educational programmes are sufficient to enhance
understanding of educational programmes
H4: educational programmes on television are more
effective in educating school children than academic activities in the school.
The tabularized and percentage statistical technique was used to test the
above –formulated hypothesis.
After a carefully analysis, it was discovered that three of the formulated
hypotheses received statistical support while the remaining one upheld the null
hypothesis.
Based on the above findings, the
researchers recommended among other things, that there is need for N.T.A.
Channel 8 Enugu
to bring back to our television educational programme that will improve the
standard of the education in the state.
The researchers also
suggest that for a more valid appraisals of this research a similar study should be carried out in other
parts of the country.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE II
APPROVAL PAGE III
DEDICATION IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V
ABSTRACT VI
TABLE OF CONTENT VIII
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF
RESEARCH PROBLEM 8
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 9
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY 10
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 11
1.6 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES 12
1.7 DEFINITION OF
TERMS
1.8 ASSUMPTION 13
1.9 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY 14
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 REVIEW OF THE
LITERATURE 15
2.1 SOURCES OF LITERATURE
15
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7 THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK 15
2.8 SUMMARY OF
LITERATURE REVIEW 20
CHAPTER THREE methodology 24
3.1 Research method 24
3.2 Research design 24
3.3 Population of
study
3.4 Sample size
determination 26
3.5 Sampling technique
3.6 Instrument for
data collection
3.7 Validity and
reliability of instrument
3.8 Method of data
collection
3.9 Method of data analysis 29
3.10 Expected Results 30
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND
RESULTS 31
4.2 DATA ANALYSIS
4.3 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS 31
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND
RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDY
5.1 SUMMARY 45
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 47
BIBLIOGRAPHY 49
QUESTIONNAIRE 53
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
Education
in Nigeria
today, has assumed a very important position in the country’s development
programme. This accounts for the introduction of the universal free
primary education (U.P.E.) in 1976 and
the establishment of new primary, secondary and post secondary schools all over
the country.
Education
could be defined in various ways. In
a very broad sense, education includes
every agency, which enables an individual to master his physical and social
environment of which he is a member. But for the purpose of this education will be
defined as an organized and formal instruction, which is given in educational
establishments such as schools, colleges and universities.
Education
has an important role to play in the economy of a nation. The most important economic function as that
of ensuring that the nation’s need for a labour force is satisfied.
However,
formal education in Nigeria is no
longer confirmed to education establishments only. The mass media have, in recent times, taken a
held and positive step towards enhancing educational development in the
country. An example is that Enugu State Broadcasting
(ESBS)
Mass media
communication comprised the
institutions and techniques by which specialized groups employ technological
devices, that is the press, TV, Radio, Film ETC, to disseminate information to
large heterogeneous and widely disperse audience.
This study
is particularly concerned with TV and its contribution to educational
advancement in the country especially Enugu
state.
Television
Broadcasting was first established in Nigeria (indeed Africa)
on October 31st
1956 in Ibadan, by the their government of the
western region of Nigeria.
This
station now called Nigeria Television Ibadan (NTA Ibadan) was run as an aim of the former western Nigeria
government Broadcasting corporation initially under the trading name western
Nigeria Radio services limited, in partnership with oversees rediffusion
limited of U.K
Two years
after its inception, the regional Government bought over the shares of the
foreign partners, and became the
proprietor. A year after the establishment of the Ibadan
station, the former government of Eastern Nigeria,
in October 1960, set up the second Nigeria Television service then known as
ENTV.
This later
become NTA Enugu shortly after, on 1967
the Northern Region Government established a television station as an aim of
the Broadcasting company of Northern Nigeria (BCNN) located in Kaduna, the
station was known as Radio Kaduna Television (RKTV) and was also owned jointly
by the regional government and a British Television Company. The Federal Government in 1962, established
its own station, the Nigeria Television
service (NTS) under a management agreement with an American Network. This services was confirmed to the federal
capital, and soon came under the Nigeria Broadcasting corporation, (NBC) when
the management contract with the Americans was determined.
The
advert of television brought with
it a new dimension to broadcasting in Africa within the
first decade of its arrival twenty –two
African countries established their own
television stations.
The
creation of states in Nigeria meant
that the new state administrators could
set- up television net works in their states.
The old government of the Mid-Western
states in 1973 went ahead by establishing the Mid-West Television (MTV) now NTA
Benin, but emerged, transmitting in colour.
It therefore becomes the first
station in the country to broadcast in
colour.
In 1975,
the federal military government announced its intention to take over television
station in Nigeria. It then set up a machinery within the federal
ministry of information t give effect to its plan. At this time, ten stations, Ibadan,
Enugu, Kaduna, Lagos, Benin,
Jos, Port –Harcourt, Kano,
Sokoto and Owerri (Aba),
in order had been set-up the Nigeria Television Authority was finally
inaugurated in May, 1977 although Decree 24
of 1977 which establish it was promulgated in March 1977 but effect from
April 1976. by that Decree the Nigeria
Television Authority become the only body empowered to undertake televisions broadcasting in the country,
indeed the federal government has begun to fund all the station from the first
April, 1976, when networking of news also commenced of Nigeria Television, Via
Domestic Satellite (Domsat). By December
1979, there was scheduled broadcasts from every state capitalization of
broadcasting station and the creation of new states many new television
education services has come to stay in Nigeria.
The programming
of Television Educational progrmmes came shortly after the establishment of Television
industry, The cardinal point of the NTA’S programming is its public service nature.
The
enabling low stipulates that NTA be independent and impartial: Its programming and coverage polices should
therefore be available oriented, but guided by the nation’s social, political ,
moral cultural, scientific, educational and
economic goals.
The purpose
of programme objections in dual, firstly, it facilitates, the monitoring of
programmes on the basis of a recognized fame of reference and secondly, it
serves to focus the producers mind on the purpose of the programme he is
making.
The following decision on
classification on programmes should not in any way be seen to be mutually,
ecclesial application. Rather, they are
meant to serve as guided posts to success and effective programming.
- Children’s programme
- Youth programme
- Family matters
programmes
- News and current affairs programmes
- Sports programmes
- Drama Programms
- Light entertainment Programmes
- The arts Programmes.
According to Uchenna Odoh of NTA Channel and presentation
Unit, at the time of this research, the NTA broadcast the following educational
programme.
On Mondays, quiz time by 5.00pm, Wednesday, Do-it –yourself by 4.3pm,
Thursdays, set /Network by 6.30pm,
Fridays, speak out by 6.30pm.
According to him, instructional television, which was
usually, shown on Monday’s by 6.30 pm is presently problems and
will come back to air immediately the
problem is rectified.
According to him. NTA formal educational objectives are as
follows:
a. To complement and supplement classroom education.
b. To broaden an deepen knowledge
c. To bring to light bread through in knowledge
d. To encourage intellectual development
e. To encourage and teach lavational skills
f. To provide tutorials on curricular subjects
This study on Television as an instrument of educational
advancement focuses on effectiveness of Television educational programmes on
educational advancement of children in
Enugu-state.
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH
PROBLEM
In this study, it is not easy to get accurate responses
from audiences due to the massive poverty prevalent in the area. Many are unable to afford the sets.
Questionnaire data through television get only to the
minority due to non-availability of electricity.
Inadequate responses from the respondents delay the
research questionnaire.
Television has the particular problem of technical
expertise, in terms of NTA channel 8 Enugu,
the programmes are not shown all the time due to technical problem.
Televisions set and
has time to watched the NTA Channel 8 progrmmes.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
a) The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of
Television educational programmes on
children.
b) How these educational progrmmes can be improved to suit the
target audience
c) This is to find out if visual aids used in educational
progrmmes on TV are sufficient to enhance understanding of educational
programmes.
d) This study equally strive to find out if educational programmes
on Television are more effective in educating schools children than academic
activities in schools.
e) Moreover, the study was aimed at finding out if the timing of
educational programmes are suitable for the audience.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study was
important bearing in mind that today’s children live in an audiovisual world
and world of technological television.
Since NTA channel 8 Enugu has shown considerable interest
in broadcasting educational programmes aimed at children and adult a like, it
is important to examine the effect of these progrmmes on children in Enugu,
This study shows the extent which the children could
benefit from these progrmmes.
The results of this study will add to
the total body of knowledge and to the development of television educational
programme from which the society as a whole is bound to benefit.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1) Does the educational programmes on
television stimulate interest of school children in Education?
2) Does the timing of educational programmes
on NTA channel 8 Enugu
suitable to children in Enugu
State?
3) Does
the visual aids used in educational programmes on TV sufficient to enhance understanding of educational programme.
4) Are
educational programmes on Television more effective in educating school
children than academic activities in school?
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Hi Educational programme on the television stimulate interest of
school children in education.
Hoi Educational programme on the television
does not stulate interest of children in Education
H2: The timing of educational progrmmes on
NTA Channel 8 Enugu is suitable to
children in Enugu
State.
Ho: The timing of educational programmes on NTA
channel 8 Enugu
is not suitable to children in Enugu-
State.
H3: Visual aids used in educational programmes on TV are sufficient to enhance understanding of educational
programmes
Ho: Visual aid used in educational programmes on
TV are not sufficient to enhance understanding of educational progrmmes.
H4: Educational programmes are more effective in educating
school children than academic activities
in school,
Ho: Educational programmes are not more effective
in educating school children than academic activities in school
1.7 ASSUMPTIONS
In carrying out the
study, the following assumptions were made;
1) That the people (children) who constituted the sample watched
televisions.
2) That television educational programme was effective in
educational advancement of children.
3) That the previous study has been carried out on this topic thus there is much
research work gathered in literature review.
1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
This study is an
assessment of how television educational programme could affect children and
help them in educational advancement in children.
It was limited to children
between the ages of 10-18 years. There are limitation of resource, material
and sources needed for the work. The
research work carried out was tedious, sometimes, risky and expensive.
Finance was also one of the limitations of the study. Not
all the students can afford the amount
to complete a project and the study was constrained by time, so the study will
not be hundred percent reliable taking
into consideration the above problems.
However, it is expected that a valid result would be
obtained and this would add to the body of existing knowledge on the area of
television viewing children’s behaviour.
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